The Rightly Guided Caliphs are the ones to whom the affairs of the Muslims ended after the death of the greatest Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace, and the Rightly Guided Caliphate period constitutes the first era of Islamic history. Then Uthman bin Affan, then Ali bin Abi Talib, may God be pleased with them, followed by his son Al-Hassan, who assumed the caliphate for a very short period to cede power to Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan, who began by assuming the caliphate of the Umayyad era. The period of the Caliphate of the Umayyad Caliph Omar bin Abdul Aziz was joined to the period of the Rightly-Guided Caliphate, due to the fact that this Caliph had adopted the approach of the early adults, of righteousness and piety, and following the path of truth and righteousness; Omar bin Abdul Aziz became known as the Fifth Rashidi Caliph.
Who are the Rightly-Guided Caliphs in order The following is an explanation of each of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs: (1) Abu Bakr As-Siddiq Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq is Abdullah bin Abi Quhafa Othman bin Ka’b Al-Taimi Al-Qurashi, and his nickname is Abu Bakr, and his mother is Umm Al-Khair, Salma bint Sakhr bin Amer Al-Taymi, who was born in the year 51 BC, i.e. 573 AD, was the first to believe in the Messenger of God - may God’s prayers and peace be upon him - among men, and is considered the first rightly-guided caliph.
Abu Bakr was called al-Siddiq because he believed the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - in the story of the Night Journey. He, peace be upon him, said to him: “O Abu Bakr, you are God free from the fire.” He was one of the chiefs of Quraysh, a rich man, and one of their high affluent, and he was one of the people who forbade alcohol for themselves in the pre-Islamic era, and in the era of prophecy he had great positions, he witnessed wars, endured adversity for the sake of religion, and spent money, and he was a companion of the Prophet - peace be upon him. May God's peace and blessings be upon him - when he emigrated to Medina, and the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - made a covenant with the people when his illness worsened, and he was swore allegiance to the caliphate on the day the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - died - in the year 11 AH, and he fought the apostates and those who refused to pay zakat. He raised the foundations of Islam, and during his days the conquest of some countries in the Levant and Iraq took place, and he died on the night of Tuesday, the eight months of Jumada al-Akhirah, at the age of sixty-three years, and the period of his caliphate was two years and three and a half months.
Omar Ibn Al-Khattab Omar Ibn Al-Khattab Ibn Nafail Ibn Abd al-Uzza al-Adawi al-Qurashi is Abu Hafs. The second of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, the first to be called the Commander of the Faithful, and in the days of the pre-Islamic era, he was one of the heroes and nobles of Quraysh, and had the embassy in them, and he embraced Islam five years before the migration, and he witnessed all the events with the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, when the Prophet - may God bless him and grant him peace - sent him In several companies.
Omar Ibn Al-Khattab was pledged allegiance to the caliphate on the day Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq died and with a covenant from him, after consulting the people about it and they agreed with him. The gentleness of faith and the brotherhood of Islam prevented people from quarreling among themselves, and he cut off the giving from the reconciled of their hearts after Islam became proud and strong, and he forcibly subjected the lands of the open countries to the tax, and did not divide it among the spoilers, in order to complete the duty of jihad, and returned it to its owners who were on it. And make its kharaj a right for Muslims. Omar Ibn Al-Khattab was the first to start history with the Sunnah of the Prophet’s migration, and he was also the first to write down the diwans in Islam, and he made them according to the Persian way, in order to count the gifts, distribute salaries to their owners according to their precedence in Islam, and he took the Muslim treasury.
Othman bin Affan, who is Othman bin Affan bin Abi Al-Aas bin Abd Shams bin Abd Manaf bin Qusay, the Umayyad Al-Qurashi, Abu Abdullah and Abu Amr, and his mother is Arwa bint Kariz bin Habib bin Abd Shams, he was one of the great men of Islam whom he cherished when he appeared. He was born in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, and embraced Islam shortly after the mission, and he was, may God be pleased with him, rich and honorable in the days of ignorance, and one of the greatest works he did was his preparation for the army of hardship in the ninth year of migration, and the Prophet, peace be upon him, had invaded Tabuk, and he is one of the The ten heralds of Paradise, and he assumed the caliphate after the assassination of Omar Ibn Al-Khattab, as he is the third of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, and in his choice of caliphate a story known as the Shura story.
Ali bin Abi Talib is Ali bin Abi Talib bin Abdul Muttalib bin Hashem bin Abd Manaf Al-Qurashi, Abu Al-Hassan, and his mother is Fatima bint Asad bin Hashem bin Abdul Manaf Al-Qurashi, the Hashemite, the Commander of the Faithful, the fourth of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs, and one of the ten heralds of Paradise. He was the first of the young men to embrace Islam, and he was the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law, and one of the bravest heroes, and one of the greatest orators, eloquents, and scholars of jurisprudence and fatwas. To take care of his family, Omar Ibn Al-Khattab chose him after he was stabbed among the six companions of the Shura to be succeeded by one of them, Ali Ibn Abi Talib, Talha Ibn Obaid Allah, Zubair Ibn Al-Awwam, Abd al-Rahman Ibn Awf, Othman Ibn Affan, Saad Ibn Abi Waqqas, and he was pledged allegiance. Caliphate after the killing of Othman bin Affan in the year 35 AH.
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